Affirmative Action Is The Most Important Modern Anti...

Eleanor Norton, once a delegate to the district of Columbia in the United States of America once said that â€Å"affirmative action is the most important modern anti-discrimination technique ever instituted in the United States. It is the one tool that has had a demonstrable effect on discrimination. No one who knows anything about the subject would say it hasn t worked. It has certainly done something, or else it wouldn t have provoked so much opposition†. This means that affirmative action is a modern anti-discrimination technique that has been more effective or it would not have been opposed by people who are against this policy. This is a policy which has helped minorities get into college and get hired for quality jobs. It ensures they will not journey through an unfair process due to the color of their skin or what their origins might be. This policy does not only benefit minorities but also America’s economy. Moreover, enforcing affirmative action policie s in higher education and higher quality jobs will help combat discrimination and increase minority admissions and employment resulting to a better American economy. Affirmative action is a policy which has helped many people who are discriminated against getting hired and get accepted into universities and or colleges which they prefer. This policy goes against discrimination. The author of Journal of Policy history, Williams B wrote in his book the following: â€Å" affirmative action is really a set ofShow MoreRelatedThe Racism Of Black Resentment900 Words   |  4 Pagesalmost all practical approaches to deal with racial inequalities. â€Å"Racial ideology â€Å"laissez fare racism† or â€Å"competitive racism† or argue that modern racism is essentially a combination of the â€Å"American greed† with anti-black resentment.† (Bonilla-Silva, Pg.30) The author suggests that these principles are evident when discussing issues such as affirmative action, interracial relationships, neighborhood, and residential segregation. There’s an interview in the chapter where a college student named sueRead More Affir mative Action Essay4934 Words   |  20 PagesAffirmative Action The Webster dictionary defines affirmative action as an â€Å"active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This paper will discuss the history of affirmative action and its effects on education and the work force in our society. I will argue why affirmative action is necessary for minorities to gain equal opportunities educationally and economically and how affirmative action is morally required as reparation for past discriminationRead MoreThe Myth Of Racial Americ Color Blind Racism3433 Words   |  14 Pages The Myth of ‘Post-racial’ America: Color-blind Racism in the Push to Repeal Affirmative Action in Higher Education By: Samantha L Bowden Dr. Bernd Reiter CPO 5934/LAS 6936: Race/Ethnicity/Nation December 2th, 2014 INTRODUCTION Across the sociological indicators, minorities, and especially blacks, â€Å"lag behind whites in the United States in terms of income, wealth, occupation and health status, educational attainment, and other relevant indicators† (Bonilla-SilviaRead MoreRace, Sex, And Religious Discrimination1479 Words   |  6 Pagesis filled with thousands upon thousands of affirmative action groups all with their own specific motivation to make a difference. Although laws have been put in place to end this, there are still many instances in which countless people are affected by modern day discrimination. Race, sex, and religious discrimination are arguable the three most prevalent forms of these issues still ongoing today. My assigned roundtable’s topic was on sex discrimination specifically. We were asked to focus the recentRead MoreWhat Human Resource Management Is All About1479 Words   |  6 PagesIn the modern world, every organization and/or business carries out their busines s in several countries. Multi-national companies will and can adopt different strategies through the people, their employees. The ethical challenges, political and instabilities in the economy, and globalization are issues that are also faced by today business firms are what Human Resource management is all about. In this diversity of Human Resources Management (HRM), the organizations adopt the practices and policiesRead MoreThe Diversity Of Human Resources Management1444 Words   |  6 PagesIn the modern world, every organization and/or business carries out their business in several countries. Multi-national companies will and can adopt different strategies through the people, their employees. The ethical challenges, political and economic instabilities, and globalization are issues that are also faced by today business firms are what Human Resource management is all about. In this diversity of Human Resources Management (HRM), the organizations adopt the practices and policie s accordingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights movement is one of the most important acts to change the way not only African Americans were able to live their lives but all races and colors. It would slowly break down the social, economic, political, and racial barriers that were created by the The Age of Discovery and Transatlantic Slave trade. I believe without the Civil Rights acts our country would result to be no better than what it was when the Emancipation Proclamation just took effect. In the 1950s and long before, SouthernRead MoreCommunication Techniques Of Harvey Milk1635 Words   |  7 Pageswas the first openly gay politician to be publically elected to office in California with his entry to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. It was in November 1978 that a fellow conservative politician who strongly opposed Milk’s views on anti-discrimination and gay rights assassinated Milk whilst he sat in his office. Milk had onl y been in office for 11 months and his death sent shockwaves through the community. Milk’s message as a public figure during the 1970s around greater rights and freedomsRead MoreRacism on College Campuses4582 Words   |  19 Pageshow these moments of scandalous social interactions work to replay and reinforce longstanding ideas of national belonging and so-called racial truths. Despite the tremendous strides resulting from civil rights legislation, racism remains one of the most pressing social problems in the US (Jackson Solis, 1995). No setting is immune and college campuses have found themselves embroiled in the discussion. Racial issues are significant in all aspects of campus life including admissions, athletics, andRead MoreA Brief Note On Race And Gender, And The Family Medical Leave Act Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough issues relating to race and gender are what most people think of about diversity, the HR team must be more knowledgeable than just the obvious about diversity including additional legislation. For instance, the Age discrimination in Employment Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Family Medical leave Act are just a few of the legalities that HR needs to implement into their organization. Another consideration for HRM is modifications regarding recruitment strategy such as

Cloning What is the right thing to do Essay - 1362 Words

Multiple Source Essay Cloning: What is the Right thing to do? Cloning offers many applications, especially in medicine, however, in spite of the many advantages, many people still consider the idea of human cloning, and the practice of cloning all together to be immoral. This opinion is rarely based on a careful analysis of facts, often only a spontaneous reaction. Cloning technology has potential for doing much good, research in human cloning should continue, although some applications of it may need to be restricted. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cloning is the process of extracting the DNA out of a donor’s cell and implanting this genetic code in another cell in order to grow a being with identical genes, thus virtually duplicating†¦show more content†¦Therapeutic cloning has many medical opportunities that will continue to be investigated for years into the future (Nash, Age of Cloning). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Research in cloning began as early as 1952 when researchers in Pennsylvania attempted to clone a frog from an embryonic cell. This practice is called embryo twinning and is commonly used in the cattle industry (Nash, Age of Cloning). Despite these early successes, advances in cloning slowed because it is much more difficult to extend the full DNA from adult cells that from cells in an embryonic stage. In the 1980’s biologists at the Allegheny university of Health Sciences came very close. The team tried to clone frogs from adult red blood cells, and healthy tadpoles developed, but halfway through the experiment the tadpoles died while trying to change into frogs (Nash, Age of Cloning). As recently as 1997 a group of British researchers succeeded in â€Å"unfolding† the whole DNA from the udder Cell of a grown sheep, and subsequently cloned the ewe. Cloning is still far from being perfected, before that one sheep was successfully cloned two hundr ed and seventy-seven tries failed (Nash, Age of Cloning). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Cloning is a very controversial subject, many believe it is morally wrong. Cloning does have some advantages though. Areas that will certainly profit from cloning are medicine and medical research. With cloning it might be possible to provide patients having terminal illnessesShow MoreRelatedThe Cloning Of The Human Body1611 Words   |  7 PagesIn my paper i m going to be talking about the importance of cloning, the basics of cloning, and some other interesting facts about cloning not just humans but some animals like Dolly the sheep.I think Cloning is going to help because it helps with cures, it gives us a new way to reproduce, and it finds ways to make the human body better. In 1997 Scottish scientists created the first cloned mammal, a sheep named Dolly. The cloning of a mammal stimulated debate because technology used to clone aRead MoreAmazed by Cloning1544 Words   |  6 PagesCloning is an amazing complex thing! In this paper a person will learn s ome basic cloning information, the history of cloning, good and bad things about cloning, human cloning, and bringing back endangered species with the use of cloning. Information includes the processes and some animals that have been cloned. The history includes the different cloning achievements starting with the first artificial twin. The good and bad parts will of course talk about the pros and cons of cloning. HumanRead More Cloning Essay723 Words   |  3 Pages Is Human Cloning Ethical? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Imagine that you have just been diagnosed with lung cancer. You have been told you have six months to live unless you can find two replacement lungs. But, you are told and realize you are a clone and have to give your life to save another. Is that ethically right? Would you, the original human want to do it? I feel that cloning human beings is ethically and morally wrong. Cloning seems to be a big issue in the world today. The issues ofRead More Cloning Essay1100 Words   |  5 PagesCloning For hundreds of years man has wondered what it would be like to clone human beings. With the idea of cloning comes many different opinions and positions. The idea of creating an army of super humans has long been a dream of many people. Others have feared what would happen to the world if cloning were possible and if cloning is morally correct. Overall, religion and ethics play a vital role in the both of these viewpoints and greatly effect many positions on the topic of cloningRead More Clones Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesbrings the question of what will come next, and what technologies will further enhance the world. Science fiction novels and movies are essentially based on the wonder of future technologies. One of the biggest issues in the development of technology is cloning. The word clone is used in many different contexts in biological research but in its most simple and strict sense, it refers to a precise genetic copy of a molecule, cell, plant, animal, or human being.1 Human cloning has been a largely controversialRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Philosophy On The Morality And Ethical Nature Of The Subject1507 Words   |  7 Pagessubject. Cloning can be viewed a few different ways based on the teachings in philosophy one follows. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a branch of philosophy, which bases its understanding of right action on consequences. More precisely, an act is considered right if it creates the most happiness (pleasure), and the least pain, for the greatest number of people affected by that action. In this way, utilitarianism is sometimes called a moral calculus. A utilitarian approach to cloning would lookRead MoreCloning Right or Wrong? Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesCloning Right or Wrong? Have you ever heard of cloning before? Well it has a lot of ups and its downs, many people are against it and many are for it? In my paper you will hear and of the good things and the bad things that happen in cloning and you can decide if you think it is right or wrong. History When I looked up the definition for cloning on www.m-w .com it stated that cloning is to propagate a clone from or to make a copy of. A book on cloning that I read stated that cloning is geneticallyRead More Advantages of Cloning in Humans and Animals Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAdvantages of Cloning in Humans and Animals Cloning has existed for ages as a form of reproduction in nature. Now humans have harnessed the power to clone at will. This evokes an argument between those that support and those that do not support cloning. Among the population, there are fewer supporters than opponents. It might just be a gut reaction of humans to fear and suspect new technology, or it could be a well-founded fear. In the animal world, cloning could be used to save endangered speciesRead MoreShould Cloning Be Tested And Taught?1121 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many arguments as to why cloning should be tested and experimented, for the sake of science. There are also many who oppose the idea of reproductive cloning. There are many ethical reasons as to why one must not attempt to clone, and there are reasons as to why others believe that there is no harm in cloning to benefit the world and how we live. However, the reason why I have such a passion and concern for the idea and methods of cloning is because I hav e seen it first-hand. I am writingRead MoreHuman Cloning And Its Ethical Issues1194 Words   |  5 PagesThere have been many arguments in the world about human cloning and its ethical issues. In an issue there will always be pros and cons, but the question is, is this experiment right for humanity? This paper will give in detail about what is cloning, human cloning and how it is done. It will provide my point of view in this topic and two other different arguments from both sides of the issue and finally determine which ones are great arguments. I present my argument with we all are humans and

Rizal in Brussels free essay sample

The gambling people in Madrid were angry when they learned of Rizal’s moralizing. They derisively called him â€Å"Papa† (Pope) instead of â€Å"Pepe†. Bad News from Home ? The Calamba agrarian trouble was getting worst. ? The management of the Dominican hacienda continually raised the land rents. ? The Dominican order filled a suit in court to dispossess the Rizal Family of their lands in Calamba. ? The tenants were persecuted. ? Paciano, Antonio Lopez and Silvestre Ubaldo were deported to Mindoro. ? Manuel T. Hidalgo – was banished to Bohol for the second time. Preparation to Go Home Rizal planned to go home. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal in Brussels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He could not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents, relatives and friends in the distant Philippines were persecuted. July 9, 1890 – upon hearing that Graciano Lopez Jaena was planning to go to Cuba, Rizal wrote to Ponce to oppose the plan of action of Graciano. July 18, 1890 – he wrote another letter to Ponce in which he expresses his determination to go home. All his friends, including Blumentritt, Jose Ma. Basa, and Ponce, were horrified by Rizal’s to return to the Philippines. They warned him of the danger that awaited him at home. Decision to go to Madrid Something happened that made Rizal to change his plan in returning to the Philippines when he received a letter from Paciano which related that they lost the case against the Dominicans in Manila but they appealed it to the Supreme Court in Spain. June 20, 1890 – Rizal wrote to M. H. Del Pilar retaining the latter’s service as a lawyer and informed Del Pilar that he was going to Madrid, in order to supervise the handling of the case. July 29, 1890 – he wrote a letter to Ponce announcing that he was leaving Brussels at the beginning of the following month and would arrive Madrid about the 3rd and 4th of August. To My Muse â€Å"A Mi†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1890) – he wrote this poem which was against the a background of mental anguish in Brussels, during those sad days when he was worried by family disasters. To my Muse Invoked no longer is the Muse, The lyre is out of date; The poets it no longer use, And youth its inspiration now imbues With other form and state. If today our fancies aught Of verse would still require, Helicon’s hill remains unsought; And without heed we but inquire, Why the coffee is not brought. In the place of thought sincere That our hearts may feel, We must seize a pen of steel, And with verse and line severe Fling abroad a jest and jeer. Muse, that in the past inspired me, And with songs of love hast fired me; Go thou now to dull repose, For today in sordid prose I must earn the gold that hired me. Now must I ponder deep, Meditate, and struggle on; E’en sometimes I must weep; For he who love would keep Great pain has undergone. Fled are the days of ease, The days of Love’s delight; When flowers still would please And give to suffering souls surcease From pain and sorrow’s blight. One by one they have passed on, All I loved and moved among; Dead or married—from me gone, For all I place my heart upon By fate adverse are stung. Go thou, too, O Muse, depart, Other regions fairer find; For my land but offers art For the laurel, chains that bind, For a temple, prisons blind. But before thou leavest me, speak: Tell me with thy voice sublime, Thou couldst ever from me seek A song of sorrow for the weak, Defiance to the tyrant’s crime. English translation by Charles Derbyshire Romance with Petite Jacoby Two things brought some measure of cheer to the despondent Rizal as he was preparing for his trip to Madrid: 1. The summertime festival of Belgium, which was celebrated in carnival style. 2. His romance with Petite Jacoby, the pretty niece of his landladies. ? Rizal was so charming and dignified a gentleman the Petite Susanne was attracted to him. ? He was lonely in a strange country and Leonor Rivera was so far away. ? Like other women – Segunda Katigbak, Orang Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera, O-Sei-San, Gettie Beckett, Consuelo Ortiga y Perez and Nellie Boustead – Susanne fell in love with Rizal

ONeils Desire Under the Elm free essay sample

An analysis of the desires of the characters in the play. This paper presents an analysis of the play in terms of the theme of desire. The characters are probed and shown to demonstrate, each in their own way, the main desire of the play, lust and greed for material wealth. We will write a custom essay sample on ONeils Desire Under the Elm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The desire for love in the play is also explored. All the characters of the play desire to own the farm. They plot and scheme against each other for its ownership. But then love envelopes them and their desires take them to other emotional and dangerous extremes. Eugene ONeils Desire Under The Elm revolves around the concept of desire. There are several states of desire that are revealed by the characters of the play. The three main characters portray their desire and passion in different categories and stages of emotional expressions. The main desire in the play however is the lust and greed for material wealth. All the characters namely Eben, Abbie and Ephraim display the desire for owning the farm eminently and it is the emotional desire and want for the ownership of the property that turns them into evil-minded characters. In the backdrop of the play is the desire and passion of love which ultimately forces the two characters Eben and Abbie to realize that there is a more powerful desire in love than the desire for property, love which takes them into a totally different direction altogether.

English 11 American Literature Unit 3 Short Story Essay Example

English 11 American Literature Unit 3 Short Story Paper short story an imaginative prose narrative written to give the reader entertainment and insight; intended to be read in one sitting plot what happens in a story characters those who make the plot happen theme the meaning of the story tone/mood the attitude or emotion of the author or narrator toward his subject or audience point of view the method of presenting teh reader with the materials of the story; the perspective from which it is told. omniscient point of view an all-knowing author is the narrator who comments freely on the actions and characters as he is able to delve into the minds of all characters and tell what they think or feel limited point of view the author tells teh story from the viewpoint of one character using either the first or third person objectve point of view the author presents the characters in actions with no comment, allowing the reader to come to his own conclusions about them irony a method of expression in which the intended meaning of the words used is the direct opposite of their usual sense; used for humor or sarcasm verbal irony saying the opposite of what is meant dramatic irony contrasting what a character says and what a reader or audience knows to be true situational irony presenting a discrepancy between appearance and reality or between expectation and fulfillment satire the ridicule of human folly or vice with the purpose of correcting it or for a humorous effect surprise ending the unexpected twist at the end of the story which goes contrary to the readers expectations conflict the central source of tension and drama that makes stories interesting man vs man conflict between people man vs society conflict between an individual and larger groups man vs nature conflict between an individual adn the natural world man vs self conflict within a character with themselves man vs fate conflict with what seems to be an uncontrollable problem such as destiny man vs technology conflict with the forces of man-made technology external conflict a struggle between a character and an outside force internal conflict a struggle that takes place in the characters mind direct characterization the author tells the reader about the characters directly indirect characterization the author shows the character in action and lets the reader make their interpretations protagonist the main character antagonist the character or force in conflict setting where and when the story takes place

Capital Punishment4 essays

Capital Punishment4 essays Think for a moment about the fall into sin. Think about the people in Noahs day. Sodom and Gomorrah. What is the punishment inflicted upon all of them by God? Death. The death penalty, or capital punishment, is the first and harshest penalty for sin. Although it has evolved and changed form over the years, and is now decided upon by men playing God, it is still an acceptable, God pleasing form of punishment. I am going to tell you what capital punishment is, its history, its current role in the justice of criminals, and why I believe that it pleases Capital punishment, simply put, is killing someone for a crime that they have committed. This crime is murder. In some countries and states, it is considered acceptable to kill the person who has taken the life of another. The methods of execution have varied since the beginning of time, but three current popular ways include the gas chamber, lethal injection, and the electric chair. My overhead shows the different ways that states used for execution in 1994. In addition to the three most popular choices, a hanging and a firing squad are also used in a few states. According to the book Should We Have Capital Punishment by JoAnn Bren Guernsey, these choices were made with the goal of a more humane murder in mind. The gas chamber is a small, sealed room in which the prisoner sits strapped to a chair. A lethal gas is sent through the floor of the room, and death usually takes about five minutes. Lethal injections simply involve the insertion of a needle filled with poison into a vein and injected. This procedure can be effective, but also takes long amounts of time quite often. The electric chair was invented as a way to quickly and painlessly kill the prisoner, but has proven to not be as effective as thought. It has taken up to three 2000 volt shocks to kill someone, with fire, s ...

Population Resource Environment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Population Resource Environment 2 - Essay Example ess effective in tropical regions rather than areas with high socioeconomic status and well-organized healthcare systems because of the continuous life cycle of the mosquitoes and poor infrastructure (Sadasivaiah, et.al., p.249-250). Eventually, though these mosquitoes developed and became resistant with the pesticide causing a decline in the effectivity of DDT (World Health Organization, p.4-5). The debate with the use of DDT started when its properties were discovered to adversely affect not only insects but also birds and humans. Because of this, further studies have been made to determine if there was a need to ban the use of DDT entirely. This paper would discuss why the use of this pesticide must be banned entirely because of its harmful and toxic effects in humans and other living things. This paper will show that it did not only adversely affect the environment during the time when DDT was sprayed but it also has long-standing effects in the environment. The most famous work that started to question the use of DDT was the book The Silent Spring. Rachel Carson, the author of the book, argued that DDT has an effect in the metabolism of birds, causing eggshell thinning and embryo death, and their reproductive system, causing decrease in their fertility (Carson, p.103-127; Sadasivaiah, p.251). Since DDT can be sprayed, its components can also be airborne causing birds to breathe it. The seeds from the plants that they eat may also have been affected by DDT because of soil erosion. Blown by the wind, DDT in the soil can travel and can be consumed by plants from other areas. Fishes have also become victims of DDT. When DDT enters the streams, the stream environment is altered because of the death of aquatic insects that serve as food for the fishes and the fishes’ reproductive and health is also affected because of living in contaminated waters (Carson, p.129-153). Studies have also established that women with breast cancer have an alarmingly high amount of

The connection between Networks and the Internet Essay

The connection between Networks and the Internet - Essay Example In a computer network, all data transmitted consist of a node which refers to any computer or digital device using the network links (Krol 49). The finest way to lead in the world of business today is to network systems in organization and businesses. Data networks are essential to all existing modern organizations. They facilitate in faster and easier ways to access any data and resources that are within the organization (Krol 53). There are many types of networks used in the entire world today both commercially and homes. Networks cab categorized according to their scope and scale, historical grounds, favorites for networking industries, their design and implementation matter (Krol 59). WAN - Wide Area Network - This network covers up a larger span for communication between the network devices. It is an interconnection of many LANs through routers, and its example is the network which is covering the entire globe. MAN - Metropolitan Area Network - This type of set-up is not common, but it can be useful in governmental departments and large organizations such as banks. It falls at the middle of LAN and WAN. It covers a larger geographical coverage compared to Local Area Network but smaller than Wide Area Network.   Ã‚  CAN - Campus Area Network – This network interconnects several multiple Local Area Networks but smaller compared to a Metropolitan area network. This type of network generally can be useful relatively in vast universities or buildings and local business offices.    SAN - Storage Area Network - This technology is mostly used for data storage. It’s mostly crucial to those organizations that are data oriented. This network connects servers to the data store devices through fiber channels technology. A network topology illustrates the arrangement of machines and devices on a network. It describes the way the computers and other devices within the network are laid down and linked to each other. Common network

Individual Project 1 EDU 620 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Project 1 EDU 620 - Essay Example Thus, it demands a more dynamic personality having skills in analysis, planning, management, and implementation. Most importantly, it requires a learning attitude that leads toward continuous personal and professional development. Discipline of Instructional Design Wills(2009) states that instructional design is a discipline based on scientific principals and a specific set of assumptions verified by empirical data. Upon the base of this data, the professionals design their instructions to meet the specific learning needs of the particular audience. Hence, instruction is a science and instructional design is a technology based upon the science. (Merrill, Drake, Lacy, Pratt, & the ID2 Research Group, 1996).Further, it is a process that includes planning, management, implementation and assessment. Thus instructional design is a process to improve how instructions gets designed and delivered better. However, some scholars consider it not just a science but an art as well. Instructional Design as a Science The scholars who claim instructional design as aligned with science say that instruction is based upon some scientific principals—a huge body of research. Supporting this view point Rowland (1993) establishes that the principles that can explain cause and effect relationship are to be said scientific.

Coca Cola Company Operations Pakistan Marketing Essay

Coca Cola Company Operations Pakistan Marketing Essay INRTODUCTION The Coca-Cola Company started their operations in Pakistan in 1953. Coca-Cola, Sprite and Fanta are the available brands in Pakistan. The System of Coca-Cola in Pakistan operates through eight bottlers, four of that are majority-owned by Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Limited (CCBPL). The CCBPL plants are awailable in Karachi, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rahimyar Khan and Sialkot. The other two plants, separately owned, are in Peshawar Rawalpindi. The Coca-Cola serves 70,000 customers/retail outlets in Pakistan. 1,800 people work system of Coca Cola in Pakistan. With in the last two years, over $130 million (U.S.) were invested by the Pakistan Coca Cola system. More than 56 years of refreshment period in Pakistan Coca-Cola was introduced in Pakistan 1953 Fanta was introduced in Pakistan 1965 Sprite was introduced 1972 Diet Coke Fanta Lemon was introduced 200 Since 1897Coca cola international productions have been sold in Mexico. Now Coco cola controls 60% of the Mexican soda market, further Pepsi with 30%. Further Mexican president Foxs before becoming a politician he was working as president of the Coca-Cola Corporation of Latin America Mexico. After his victory, Coca-Cola started bottling water by the wealthiest aquifer in the Chiapan town of San Cristà ³bal de las Casas, an ecological reserve controlled by a conservation group Pronatura that receives money from the Coca-Cola Mexico. In 2004, the Coke plant at San Cristà ³bal de las Casas used 107,332,391 water liters about as much as 200,000 homes use. In a country where over 12 million general public are without access to drinkable water, Mexican groups have started on a boycott against Coca-Cola basically motivated by Cokes increasing authority of Mexican water. So the object of this report is to critically evaluate the strategy and performance of any ONE US, European or Asian company over the last five years in any two emerging markets in different regions of the world. According to that the report describes Coca Cola Companies performance strategies in US Asian reigns by using Pakistan Mexico emerging markets. FINANCIAL REPORT: It is owing to the strong finances, the company is still existing the ups down of the business. The financial report of Coke the year 2000 2001along with the percentage change is as below. 2002 basic diluted net income per share includes a non-cash gain of $.02 per share after taxes that were recognized on the issuance of stock by Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc., one of the equity investors of the company. Charges are partly balance by a gain of $.05 for each share after income taxes related to the merger of Coca-Cola Beverages plc Hellenic Bottling Company S.A. $.04 per share after income taxes linked to benefits from a tax rate reduction in Germany from positive tax planning strategies. DIVIDEND AND CASH INVESTMENT PLAN: The Dividend Cash Investment Plan authorizes shareowners of record to invest again dividends from Company shares of The Coca-Cola Company. The Plan offers a systematic, economical convenient method of acquiring extra shares of our common stock. All the shareowners of record are suitable to participate. Shareowners are also may purchase stock through voluntary cash investments of up to $125,000 for year. In year-end, 76 % of the Companys shareowners of record were participants in the Plan. In 2002, shareowners did invest $36 million in dividends $31 million in money in the Plan. COMPANY STATISTICS: This companys statistics are inspiring. Since it is operating all over the places in the world because of that the number of employees the bottling equipments is uppermost among the other companies of bottling. There is a constant raise in every aspect when mach the statistics of 2001 the statistics of 2002. This is because; Coca Cola Company is increasing its volume day by day. The spreading out of this company that shows the victory of Coca Cola brands, results in the percentage vary in the statistics of the two years. The statistics is as below. (EBITDA) -Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, other non-operating items Did convert to a standard unit of assess defined as 24 eight-ounce servings or else 192 ounces for each equal case sold by Coca-Cola Enterprises. PRODUCTS: The Coca Cola Company produces carbonated drinks as well as other drinks while launching companys product, the marketing department considers the culture the sub cultures of the country. Coca Colas major brands à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coke à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Diet coke à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Sprite à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coke classic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Fanta http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/18-60ed37e055/000.jpg STRATEGIC PLANNING In 2002, the coca cola company did have a great success, as the strategy did work that resulted in making Company the worlds leading company. In 2001, company did accomplish the top of its strategy as; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢global volume enlarged by 4 %with strong international growth of 5% clear signs that our North American business is growing steadily expectable. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Earnings per share did grow by 82 %, as we carried on our commitment to Create volume growth aggressively. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Return on common equity grew from 23 %in 2000 to 38 %2001 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Return on capital increased from 16 %in 2000 to 27 %in 2001. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The free cash flow has bean generated by the company. Thats from $2.8 to $3.1 billion. In 2000,a clear indication of its underlying financial power. The strategy for the potential of the coca cola company is more straightforward. The marketing strategy for the next year is in this manner, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The speed up carbonated soft-drink growth, led by Coca-Cola Company. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Selectively widen the group of beverage brands to drive profitable development. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Increase system profitability ability jointly with the companies bottling associates. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Treat consumers with creativity steadiness to generate development across all Channels. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Direct investments to the highest potential regions across markets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Cost-effectiveness Drive efficiency all over the place. http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/24-7d0ce9e592/000.jpghttp://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/24-7d0ce9e592/000.jpg COCA COLA MEXICO Within the soft drinks Sprite Fanta become positively along with the key brand Coca Cola Diet Coke. In key markets, the company has formed new packaging sizes to satisfy customer demands. More and more, Mexican domestic families have lunched together at home. The lot of Mexican household drinks 2-1/2or more of soft drinks during that break, while a two liter bottle was the biggest available package. Therefore the company initiated a convenient 2-1/2 liter bottle to choose regions, involving to the sale of nearly 1.5 billion unit cases of Coke in Mexico. The bigger bottle will complete its island wide rollout in 2002. Since 1897Coca cola international productions have been sold in Mexico. Now Coco cola controls 60% of the Mexican soda market, further Pepsi with 30%. Further Mexican president Foxs before becoming a politician he was working as president of the Coca-Cola Corporation of Latin America Mexico. After his victory, Coca-Cola started bottling water by the wealthiest aquifer in the Chiapan town of San Cristà ³bal de las Casas, an ecological reserve controlled by a conservation group Pronatura that receives money from the Coca-Cola Mexico. In 2004, the Coke plant at San Cristà ³bal de las Casas used 107,332,391 water liters about as much as 200,000 homes use. In a country where over 12 million general public are without access to drinkable water, Mexican groups have started on a boycott against Coca-Cola basically motivated by Cokes increasing authority of Mexican water. COCA COLA PAKISTAN The Coca-Cola Company started their operations in Pakistan in 1953. Coca-Cola, Sprite and Fanta are the available brands in Pakistan. The System of Coca-Cola in Pakistan operates through eight bottlers, four of that are majority-owned by Coca-Cola Beverages Pakistan Limited (CCBPL). The CCBPL plants are awailable in Karachi, Gujranwala, Multan, Hyderabad, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rahimyar Khan and Sialkot. The other two plants, separately owned, are in Peshawar Rawalpindi. The Coca-Cola serves 70,000 customers/retail outlets in Pakistan. 1,800 people work system of Coca Cola in Pakistan. With in the last two years, over $130 million (U.S.) were invested by the Pakistan Coca Cola system. More than 56 years of refreshment period in Pakistan Coca-Cola was introduced in Pakistan 1953 Fanta was introduced in Pakistan 1965 Sprite was introduced 1972 Diet Coke Fanta Lemon was introduced 200 PROMISE OF COKE The fundamental proposition of the business is plain, firm timeless. When we bring refreshment, joy value fun to the stakeholders, then we successfully nurture protect our brands, mainly Coca-Cola. That is the key to fulfill ultimate duty to provide consistently attractive returns to the holder of the business. TARGET MARKET Cokes commercials mainly focused on young generations, for the reason that they want to represent Coke with the youth energy further they think about the matured people they take then as a co-target market. MAJOR SEGMENTS Major segments are mainly those who take Coke daily those areas where the demand is higher then the other areas. A lot of people who take Coke daily those who take weekly those who take rarely are always there as well. So, the Pakistan Coca Cola companys basic segments are those who have this drink often. FACTORS EFFECTING SALES There are lots of factors that affect the sale of Coca Cola. Three major factors are being discussed that effect coke. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Per capita income à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Competitors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Weather Per Capita Income ThaÃÆ' ¯ss the major factor that influences the sale of this carbonated soft drink. For the reason that each every passing year budgets are becoming more strict tight in order to purchase things. Consequently the disposable revenues of the people are getting lower. They pay out heavily on rents, utilities, education basic necessities thereafter when they erne extra money they think about this carbonated soft drink .thus the get down of per capita income does effect badly in selling production of this carbonated soft drink. to go through with this difficulty there is need to increase the level of per capita Income of Pakistan therefore it is lesser than the other the countries. Competitors Coca Colas main competitor is PEPSI % there is no suspect to say this because every body knows that all the other cold drinks and water, tea, coffee, are the players. Weather This is immature market so the Coca Colas usage in winters is 40% in summers is 60%. MAJOR CUSTOMERS NEED Most of the consumers dont care about what they are going to take. They dont care before drinking that whether it is Coca Cola or Pepsi. They dont actually feel more differentiation among these two brands according to the tastes. Buyers normally have what they get. They believe on WHAT COLD THEY SOLD Customers availability in brands is normally happens such as: Push availability Pull consumers demand. According to this reason Coca Cola have supplied their coolers freezers in to the market. Further have utmost number of freezers coolers in the market. They supply these infrastructures free of charge just to supply child coke to the customer that they want to be bought. The mechanics salesman often go all the shops to check infrastructure .If there is any problem change or repair it. http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/27-52c1d1da9f/000.jpg MAJOR COMPETITORS If consumers want to have soft drink they compete brands with each other. For instance compete Coke with Pepsi Sprite with 7up team. The Coca Cola Company thinks in a different way, they believe that new competitor AMRAT Cola, RC Cola, all the other juices, they take even water tea as their competitors. STRATEGIES OF QUALITY After macro micro analysis Brand Coca Cola is mainly role 1. Improve rivalry moments 2. When people do watch cricket 3. throughout commercialization 4. Enjoyable time Because of these strategies there can be better understanding better connection with the community. These are the main consumption. THREATS FROM COMPETITORS All of the Threats are well planned. The key threat is price. When the exact price whether comes down or goes higher thats effects the consumption of carbonated drink. For the reason that when the price goes higher consumers go for the substitute of coke such as Pepsi. when price goes down they think that there should be some thing wrong in that. In short that all depends on customers awareness. TARGETS THAT WOULD LIKE TO ATTAIN Survival of every organization is depending on profit. Thus Coke is also searching for a maximum of profit margin. We could identify three major ways to earn profits. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Over night profit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Windfall profit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ethical and un-ethical ways Over Night Profits This is for the best brand for the year. This can be got increasing sales volume Windfall Profit They are the extras earnings. When the consumption is on boom. So, there are different types of profits. Ethical and Unethical Ways Profits can earn ethically or unethically. Company believes on this quote Every thing is fare in love and war. Further they can earn profit through diverse approaches. EXPANDING TARGET MARKET In last 2 years Coca Cola came back very aggressively. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Consumer has got choice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Attractive brand name à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Brand differentiating Consumer Has Got Choice Consumers know the name of other big brand, even though Coca Cola is the 2nd best name but it can get the best place after some period. Attractive Brand Name Now buyers know the Name of Coca Cola, since Coke is the name thats the populist after the word ok. Thus consumers can better differentiate brands with others. Brand Differentiation Now different brands are available in the market. Thus, consumers can differentiate between brands. The best players coke and Pepsi also have some different kinds of brand names either. Coca Colas Brand Coca Cola think about the togetherness, being people together and friends are being together. Coca Cola hardly believes that Pakistani temperament is us Pepsis Brand They use the temperament of me. In contrast to Coke they do believe on individual struggle. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS FOR PRICE Opportunities There are some taxes company must pay such as 20% excise duty 03% In making Budge 15% sales tax 27% goes to government Not only for taxes but for electricity chargers, distribution chargers, after paying all of those chargers the price of a coke can increase up consumer have to pay these as taxes. These are the opportunities through which we can increase the price and can get profits. The Coca Cola Company gets those as their opportunities to increase the margin of rates as well as for increases their profits Threats There are some threats in increasing prices of products. If for instance, Coke increases for 1 rupee. Then people definitely will not go for Coca Cola they transfer to Pepsi. So these are the threats when coke increases its prices of products. STRATEGIES OF GETTING GOALS HIGH PROFITS There are many ways That Coca Cola can increase its profits. Some key ways are as follows. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ increasing volume à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢customers interest level à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ join with energetic festivals The way of increasing volume of consumers Coca Cola can increase the consumer volume by expanding the Coke industry. By using advertisements, attract people towards this product by offering very attractive interesting things. The way of increasing the interest level of consumers Increase the interest level of customers by using different flavors. For instance Coke is increasing the flavors in Fanta, through offering different flavors Coke can enhance the Level of customers these profits can be increased. The way of joining energetic festivals Coca cola is most of the time taking part in the festival such as Basant since during last 3 years. Coke erne high income consumption of Coke is increased on these occasions. In 2002 consumers were waiting that what interesting program Coke is going to present. MARKETING STRATEGY Coca Colas domestic marketing strategy enables Coke to listen all people around the world asking for soft drinks that span the entire occasions spectrum of tastes. What consumers want in a beverage is a reflection of who they are, how they work play, where they exist, how they relax recharge. We are determined not only to make great drinks, but also to contribute to societies over the world through Cokes commitment to, health, wellness, education diversity. Coke does its best to be a good neighbor, again and again shaping the business decisions to develop the quality of life in the communities in that do business. Thats a special object to have thousands of friends over the world, they never forget that. http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/32-d224ae62b1/000.jpg MARKET POSITIONING Product Range The Pakistan total range of Coca Cola products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coke. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Diet Coke. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Fanta. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sprite. And also company presents its products in different bottle sizes these includes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢PET 1.5 (1.5 litter plastic bottle) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢SSRB (standers size returnable bottle) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢NRB (no return bottle) or disposable bottle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢CANS (tin pack 330 ml) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢LRB (litter returnable bottle) Packing There are different kinds of packing available. Such as, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢6 bottle pack for 1.5 pets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢24 cans in one pack. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢12 bottles in a pack for disposable bottle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢24 regular bottle shell PRICE STRATEGY Trade Promotion Coca Cola Company presents incentives to middle men or vendors in way that they gives them free models free empty bottles, because of that retailers middle man motivate to push their product in the sell thats the reason coca cola seen more in the market and they have a good sale in the market because according to the expert that product seen more in the market that sells more. Seen as sold The company makes agreements with a shop keepers stores to special sale in those stores. These stores are mainly called as KEY accounts in local words. the Coca Cola Company also invest large budget on these stores gives them free samples some time cash incentives free bottles. Various Price in Different Seasons Some times Coca Cola Company changes their productions prices according to that season. The best season for Pakistan beverage industry is summer. But for winter the scenario in totally posit. Reduce prices to maintain the sales profit. But in general they decrease the prices of their1 litter glass bottle pet bottles. PROMOTION STRATEGIES Getting shelves They takes or do purchase shelves in big departmental stores display their products in that shelves in that style that show product very clear very attractive for the customers. Eye Catching Position Their salesman positions their freezers their products in eye- catching places. Usually the company keeps freezers near the entrance. Sale Promotion Even company does sponsorships with various college schools cafes sponsors their sports many extra curriculum activities for catching market share. Under the crown scheme (UTC Scheme) Coca cola frequent do this type of scheme they offer very attractive prizes in it. Such as once they offer bicycles, caps, cash prizes, tv sets etc. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS There are two types of selling in Coca Cola Company Direct selling Indirect selling Direct Selling In direct selling they supply using their own transports. They have approximately 450 vehicles to distribute their bottles. Company earn more profit when they use this type of selling . Indirect Selling Company has its whole agencies sellers to cover all the area. Even its so difficult to available the products to customers by their own distribution so they use the whole sellers and agent to distribute products to their consumers. FACILITATING THE PRODUCT BY INFRASTRUCTURE For providing their productions in fine manner company provide infrastructure Such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Free empty bottles and shells for bottles à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Freezers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Display racks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Vizi cooler ADVERTISEMENT They use many medias à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Billboards and holdings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Pos material à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Tv commercial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Print media Print Media They frequently use print media for their advertising. There is a separate department in Coca Cola Company for print media. POS Material Point of sale material that includes: posters stickers display in the stores in different places. TV Commercials As everyone knows that TV is a very popular entertaining medium. So Coke Company does regular TV commercials on different channels. Billboards and Holdings Coca cola is more aware about their billboards holdings. They have lots of sites in different regions for its billboards. EXPECTATIONS FOR THE COMING YEAR Every thing happens because of the consumers behavior. Company identified if they want to attract consumers they must throw the money away. positive felling with the brand, that they used to have Coca Cola wants to advertise its goods heavily in the next coming year. itll take the 10% of their income. when we do take it as an international level it is $ I billion. Next year is the challenging year for the Coca Cola industry. They need to take a lot of decisions that how to enhance the production where they have to spend money. For success in coming year Coca cola need to have some special things such as: 1. Loyal customers are important for success of the company. 2. Workers need to be the brand focus not the promotion focus. 3. They need to understand how much for the brand purposes. 4. They must know that how much to do the promotion work for brand. HOW COKE DECIDES THE ANNUAL BUDGET Coke decides its annual budget by the, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Sales volume à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Target volume à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Profitability Sales Volume Coke decides its annual budget through the volume of sales. They first think on whats the condition of its sales? if the condition is fine of its sales then company certainly increase their production sales If not they think on their older strategies. Profitability: The next thing that they decide budget is the profit. If Coke getting profits with the higher border, then Coke definitely wants to increase their profits in the next years. Every association runs on the basis of receiving higher profits. No the association wants to face failure in their business. To erne profit is the first main concern of Coke. Target Volume: Each every industry has some targets to run their business that they want to achieve in an exact time period. If industry reaches those goals in that period then for the next year it increases the amount of the target. So Coke go after the same thing it has also some objectives targets to complete in the given time schedule. When they succeed to reach that aim then they enhance their target volume in the future. SALES PROMOTION ACTIVITIES Coca-Cola Concerts Coca-Cola Cricket Coca-Cola Wonder of the World Promotion Coca-Cola Food Mela Coca-Cola Basant Festival Coca Cola TV Mazza Coca-Cola GO-RED Coca-Cola Party in a Park Coca-Cola Pet Promotion Coca-Cola Ramzan Campaign Coca-Cola Nokia Coca-Cola Mc Donalds Fanta Sprite Launched Diet Coke Coca-Cola Shopping Festival CONCLUSION Coca Cola without any doubt come the heart beat of Mexicans and Pakistanis. The strategy performance of Coca Cola is working for them the production is gaining attractive with youth daily in Mexico Pakistan. After completing the report, concluded some sort of recommendation for the Coca Cola Company, as follows. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coca Cola Company should try to highlighting more on supplying their infrastructure in the market to treat their consumers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢According to a survey, the organization that has dun the survey identified especially Pakistani people like little bit sweeter Coca Cola drink. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Coca Cola marketing team should try to enhance the availability of Coca Cola products in ruralarias. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Coca Cola should also focus the middle age old citizens. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Nowadays young population has a trend to have coke 2 regular bottles at same time, for providing them more satisfaction, company must sagest  ½ liter bottle to the market. There after by concentrating on that, Coca Cola Company can achieve their potential expected vision inside of the immerging markets.

Ethical Decisions

Chapter 6 Ethics Issue Brenton T. Percell BUS323 Commercial Law Salem University In your opinion, was it ethical for Mr. Trump to broadcast this type of information to the public? When making an ethical decision, the following questions should be asked is it a utilitarian decision approach, deontological approach or virtue ethical approach. The utilitarian decision meaning was the firing for the greater good for the mass of people? No. Was it a deontological decision based on, treat others how one would want to be treated, No. The last philosophical reasoning being virtue decision. Virtue decisions are defined to be genuine and honest and should be handled in that manner is a public relation leader. When decisions are made with virtue in mind, all decisions should be made ethically to ensure honesty is conserved. (Bennett-Alexander & Harrison, 2012, pg16-18) (Media, 2018) With the above steps in understanding an ethics decision defined in my opinion the manner that Mr. Trump chose to terminate his employment with Mrs. Carolyn Kepcher, publicly on his BLOG, stating,† She loved her fame, and she loved celebrity Apprentice, and it was affecting her work.† was unethical. If this was the case was it any progressive action to make Mrs. Kepcher aware of her performance or was she just terminated? These are grounds of termination depending on a contract agreement, state laws (at- will). The action that makes this judgment unethical is the hiring of his daughter proceeding after the termination of Mrs. Carolyn Kepcher. (Bennett-Alexander & Harrison, 2012, Pg154) In your opinion, where should we, as a society, draw our (1) legal and (2) ethical lines regarding the type of information shared in this context? [Please keep in mind, for a variety of reasons, an ethical behavior may require more restrictions and restraint on actors than one would want to codify in law.] The legal implication in this situation cannot be made soundly due to the unknown variables such as contract, state that contract was signed legally no laws were broken, Mr. Trump was on his account that solely reflects on himself and his brand. Which is within his right, freedom of speech. The reasoning for the termination may not be the best or ethically sound but it is a reason. In my opinion, it is more of an ethical/ moral issue rather than a legal issue. No-one rights were violated during the firing of Mrs, Kepcher. ReferencesBennett. (2012). The Legal, Ethical & Regulatory Enviorn of Business in a Diverse Society. [VitalSource]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/1259582132/Media, W. (2018). Ethical Theories. Retrieved from https://pagecentertraining.psu.edu/public-relations-ethics/introduction-to-public-relations-ethics/lesson-1/ethical-theories/

Letter from hospital

I thought I should write to let you know IM safe and IM recovering. I miss you and the rest give everyone a hug from me and tell Rosier I hope she's being good. The hospital Is constantly got new soldiers coming In suffering from nervous exhaustion and shell shock too so IM not the only one, the doctor said It Is an Injury to the nerves and told me to rest and they are putting In place electric shock treatment.All the nurses are very sympathetic but sometimes when they think we can't hear them they call us all weak and say we are cowards. Im not suffering as much as most, a young gentleman has been learning to walk again yet he still wants to get back to the frontline. Yes, am returning to the frontline soon so that's why I took this opportunity to write. We had strict orders not to take prisoners, no matter if wounded my first Job was when I had finished cutting some of their wire away, to empty my magazine on 3 errands that came out of one of their deep dugouts they was bleeding ba dly begging for them to be put out of their misery.They cried for mercy, but I had my orders, they had no feeling what so ever for us†¦ It makes my head Jump to think about It. One time I was In serious danger I was almost completely paralyses with fear. I was slating with Taylor (a fellow soldier) on the fire-step of a trench during an intense bombardment,when it seemed certain that we must be killed at any moment. Shots fired around us; each moment threatened to be the last. I was conscious of biting the fabric on my top to prevent my teeth from chattering.If I had been alone on that occasion I believe that I would be dead now; it was the presence of others that saved me. It's not all been like that, one evening me and Owen was in the barracks and I received a letter from you for my birthday and it kept me going for so long, but everyone has a breaking point: weak or strong, courageous or cowardly- war frightens everyone my breaking point has now unfortunately came. Give my l ove to everyone, Yours sincerely

Commonly Confused Words Peace and Piece

Commonly Confused Words Peace and Piece The words peace and piece are homophones: they are pronounced the same but have different meanings. The noun peace means contentment or the absence of war. The noun piece refers to a portion or a part of a whole. As a verb,  piece is often followed by together and means to complete or join into a whole (as in piece together a quilt). Idiomatically, you may hold your peace (stay silent) or speak your piece (say what you have to say). See the examples and usage notes below. Examples When the power of love overcomes the love of power, the world will know peace.Jimi Hendrix Sitting at the table one day, I held the fork in my left hand and pierced a piece of chicken.Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969 You can sign any peace treaty you want, give back this piece of land and that piece of land, but peace is never going to happen until those things do. Its got to start with us learning each others names. With us feeling responsible for each others fates.Naomi Ragen, The Sacrifice of Tamar. Crown, 1994 Speak your piece; then hold your peace. Dont restate, restate, and restate. Dont summarize if you have only written a few pages.Mary Lynn Kelsch and Thomas Kelsch, Writing Effectively: A Practical Guide. Prentice-Hall, 1981 Usage Notes Piece has the word pie in it, which should remind you of the familiar phrase a piece of pie. You can meditate to find peace of mind, or you can get angry and give someone a piece of your mind.(Paul Brians, Common Errors in English Usage. William, James, 2003)Whereas peace of mind is calm assurance, a piece of ones mind is something a person says in a fit of pique. But the two are surprisingly often confounded.(Bryan Garner,Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009) Practice (a) _____ is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal.(Martin Luther King, Jr.) (b) I never met a _____ of chocolate I didnt like. Answers (a) Peace  is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal.(Martin Luther King, Jr.) (b) I never met a  piece  of chocolate I didnt like.

Gay Adoption essays

Gay Adoption essays One of the most controversial issues facing the United States today is whether or not homosexual individuals should be granted the rights of adoption. A poll was conducted on the Internet asking the question of whether or not gay individuals should be allowed to adopt. Out of approximately 87,000 people who were surveyed, 49% believed they should be allowed, 50% felt they shouldnt, and 1% were unsure. The nation is clearly divided, but the people against this issue have a slight edge, according to the poll. Opponents of gay rights have developed many reasons for not allowing gays to adopt. One of these points include that gay parents prey on their own children. In a study of 269 cases of child sex abuse, only two offenders were found to be gay or lesbian. It was found that a childs risk of being molested by his or her relatives heterosexual partner is over one hundred times greater than by someone who is homosexual. The second major point is that gay people die younger than heterosexuals. Gay advocates say studies that suggest gay people die younger, were written by a false researchernamed Paul Cameron. Opponents also believe that the children will suffer from taunting and prejudice. Is it fair that one persons prejudice is a reason to ban someone from his or her dream of becoming parents? Regardless of a childs parents sexual orientation, children tease and will be teased. In courts across the country, it is argued that stigma attached to having a gay or lesbian parent will damage a childs self-esteem. However, research has found that although children of homosexual parents do report experiencing teasing, their self-esteem levels are no lower than those of children of heterosexual parents. Some believe that gay people are bad moral examples as parents, and that children will develop problems growing up in an unnatural lifestyle. Courts have expressed...

Introduction to Government failures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Government failures - Essay Example    Information failure is also another major factor that greatly contributes to governments failures. Because the government does not necessarily know enough details to enable it to make effective decisions on the best way to allocate scarce resources. Most of the economists believe in the efficient market hypothesis. That is, they assume that the market will always contain adequate information than any government or individual.The insinuation is that market values and market movements should be free from interference because individuals or governments cannot improve upon markets. Moreover, taxes on goods as well as services can raise prices artificially and interfere the efficient operation of the market. Also, taxes on incomes can create a disincentive impact and discouraging individuals from working hard to achieve the set goals and objectives in a particular country.Fixing of prices is also another major factor that leads to government failures. The government can fix both mini mum as well as maximum prices that can create distortions that contribute to various shortages. Shortages may rise if the government of a particular country fixes the prices of various products below the market rate. Also, provision of free health care services by the government is another major factor that contributes to its failures. That is, there will be long waiting lists for treatment that might be outnumbering the efforts of health care providers and thus causing failure in the provision of this particular service.

Political Sex Scandals Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Sex Scandals - Case Study Example The House ethics committee is discussing charges the Democratic leadership should have confronted Massa sooner. Massa has presented explanations for his acquiescence from disease to intrigue Democrats because he opposed health care reform. After John Edwards told a national TV audience the only woman he ever loved was his wife, his mistress Rielle Hunter reported he called her to say he didn't really mean it. Hunter, 45, is experienced, but she was still shocked by GQ's pictures of her with no pants. She thought the photographer was only interested in her face. Collins' lessons are tongue-in-cheek. She says we have to know who our politicians bed with and never trust a guy who plays his marriage as the center piece of a campaign. Nevertheless, there is a deeper issue at hand - the moral behavior of our elected officials. She argues that we should be concerned when wayward public servants have our health care bill in hand. The best articulation of my position is this. The problem with American politics is that is it American politics. I am by no means a Marxist, but some of his ideas resonate in many political situations. He said the seed of any system's destruction is within its own self. That means although outside forces may topple walls interior forces leave them unattended. Maybe it is not representative government itself that is flawed however. Maybe, it just the way we have come to practice it in the United States. Who does it represent anyway Of the tens of millions of votes, how much does my vote really count -- one 50 millionth of a decisions. Did they ever square away that whole thing about campaign funding Does my opinion really matter when a multibillion dollar multinational corporation, like say Eli Lilly or Pfizer, places a briefcase "gift" full of greenbacks on a senator's desk I don't think so. Maybe, that is why marijuana possession is still punishable by death. What is that about, a nyway It is somehow okay to drink a flammable liquid like alcohol and let it slowly melt my brain into a seizing mass, but it is somehow wrong to smoke the leaves of a particular plant, get the munchies and go to sleep. Part of the problem actually lies with the media system itself. Instead of reporting noteworthy news, they sell out for the sensational story. Individual human beings may be smart, but as a group, people are herding animals to some extent. They like tabloid-style media scandals. They get TV ratings. They sell newspapers. Thus, that is what the media industry showcases. The more important issues go unnoticed by comparison. So what about this 300 pound gorilla staring at us Yes, our politicians are corrupt. What do we do about it Can we do anything meaningful It seems that evidence is scarce. Many of these notions are purely philosophical and perhaps not of any immediate use. Many analysts would argue we are on the brink of some cataclysmic change in politics. Based on history there is only one of two ways this can go. The first way is to find some means of rectifying the underlying problems with our system. The other is to hope it fixes itself and risk falling along the wayside with previous empires. It is a scary thought to think much of our stability is reliant upon Chinese economy. Our position is much like that of an expanding universe. If

Sensory responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sensory responses - Essay Example It is capable of detecting even the smallest visual and auditory changes. Seeing and hearing are senses which does not require physical contact, but tells us about distant objects with help of electromagnetic waves present in air. . If the sense of touch is considered, the brain could detect within no time, which part of the body was touched. Such is the response and reflex actions. The brain in turn, is composed of two hemispheres and shares the information sensed by the organs equally among the two parts For the complete sensation in visual and hearing, both halves are equally important. The visual and aural senses strongly depend upon the differences between its neighboring senses. Visual perception consists of perceiving the image of outside objects and then, processing them into an interpretation that can be understood by the brain. The human eye does this mechanism of converting light into electrical energy. Here, the sense of hearing is done by an excellent auditory system which perceives the sound produced rather than the source that produces it. The sound is received by the ear through the vibrations in air and transmits them to the brain. Just imagine a ball being thrown on a wall coming back to u again. That's what happens in our sensory system.

UN on High Seas Laws Essay Example for Free

UN on High Seas Laws Essay The UN General Assembly resolved and declared the resources of the High Seas as the Common heritage of the mankind which shall be governed by a proposed international regime- Comment. Common heritage of mankind is a principle of international law which holds that defined territorial areas and elements of humanitys common heritage that includes both cultural and natural should be held in trust for future generations and be protected from exploitation by individual nation states or corporations. Immanuel Kant in his essay Toward Perpetual Peace claimed that the expansion of hospitality with regard to use of the right to the earths surface which belongs to the human race in common would finally bring the human race ever closer to a cosmopolitan constitution. The concept of Common Heritage of Mankind, however, was first specifically enunciated in international law in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967. Under Customary rules of International Law, the term high seas means, the part of the sea which are not included in the territorial waters. The rule was formulated in 1609 by Grotious in his treatise mare liberum by arguing that the sea cannot be owned. According to him â€Å"the sea is one of those things which is not an article of merchandise, and which cannot become private property. Hence it follows, to speak strictly, that no part of the sea can be considered as territory of any people whatsoever.† Later the prominent writers of the 18th century also advocated for the freedom of open seas. The meaning of high seas was transformed into treaty rules in the year 1958, when the Geneva Convention on High Seas was adopted. The article 1 of Geneva Convention on High Seas states that high seas is that part of the sea that are not included in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a state. The regime of high sea has changed considerably under the Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 which lays down under article 86 that all parts of the sea that are not included in the exclusive economic zone, in the territorial waters of a state or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State would Constitute high seas. Thus, the area of the high seas has been substantially reduced under the convention of 1982. The high seas, shorthand for that portion of the ocean that lies beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, including the Southern Ocean around Antarctica, make up 64% of the world’s oceans and nearly 50% of the planet’s surface. It is generally 200 nautical miles from the coast. This vast area, once mistakenly considered an empty wasteland, is now understood to contain the largest reservoir of biodiversity left on earth. Multiplying human activities pose a variety of threats to high seas ecosystems, including overfishing, noise, plastic and chemical pollution, habitat destruction, and now ocean warming and ocean acidification related to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has 320 articles, set out in seventeen parts, as well as nine annexes. Parts II to XI concern the different maritime zones: territorial sea and contiguous zone, straits used for international navigation, archipelagic waters, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf, the high seas, the International Seabed Area, and special provisions on the regime of islands and of enclosed and semi-enclosed seas. Parts XII to XIV concern specific marine activities and questions in all areas: the protection of the environment, marine scientific research, and the development and transfer of marine technology. Part XV (and annexes 5 to 8) concerns the settlement of disputes. Parts XVI and XVII set out general and final clauses. Today, 13 percent of the worlds land areas are protected, but less than one percent of global marine areas are, leaving these ecosystems exposed and vulnerable to threats. Further, there is almost no protection of marine ecosystems and biodiversity occurring in deeper waters on the continental shelves and in the international waters of the high seas. It is crucial that international leaders cooperate to ensure stronger conservation measures are implemented and enforced to guarantee the long term sustainability of marine species and the health of ocean ecosystems. The United Nations General Assembly plays a crucial role in ensuring the sustainability of marine fisheries, particularly for those in areas beyond national jurisdiction. In ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction, many human activities remain unregulated or poorly managed, with ecosystem considerations seldom taken into account and scientific information either lacking or often ignored. As marine industrial activity, ocean warming, and ocean acidification have accelerated, the imperative to replace the current gap-ridden and fragmented approach towards high seas governance with a more integrated, equitable and accountable institutional framework has become more urgent and important. The major issues related to the high seas are as follows: 1. Open access to the rich resources 2. Increasing demands of fish, energy and increase in trade 3. Legal over-fishing 4. Climate change 5. Pollution. In the absence of an overarching international governance system for regulating marine fisheries, particularly in areas beyond national jurisdiction, there exist a number of treaties, organizations and intergovernmental instruments that serve to manage fisheries. These instruments include the United Nations and its various processes and organizations, and Regional Fisheries Management Organizations. In addition, there are many treaties, multilateral agreements and intergovernmental organizations that contain provisions relevant to the exploitation, use or trade of marine species. According to the UN Convention on the Law of the sea, the common heritage provides certain freedoms like freedom to fish, navigate lay submarine cables and pipelines, conduct scientific marine research, conduct peaceful military activities, and authorize vessels to fly national flags. However with these freedoms, there are also certain obligations to fulfill in order to maintain the proper health of the available resource. The duties are to conserve the living marine resources, protect and preserve the marine environment and most importantly not interfere in rights and interests of other nations. Under customary rules of international law, high seas were free and open to all states. Freedom to high sea was a well recognized principle even under the Roman law which is basically the primary precursor of the modern law. It means that the high sea being common to all states, no state may purport to subject any part of them to its territorial sovereignty, since the open sea is not the territory of any state , no state as a rule has a right to exercise its legislation, administration, jurisdiction or police over parts of the high seas. As a general rule, ships remain under exclusive jurisdiction of the state, whose flags they fly while in high seas. Although sea is not a territory of any state, it is nevertheless an object of the law of nations. Legal order was created through the co-operation of the law of the nations and the municipal laws of such states as possess a maritime flag. The following rules of the law of the nations were universally recognized. 1. Every state that has a maritime flag must lay down rules according to which vessels can claim to sail under its flags, and must furnish such vessels with some official voucher authorizing them to make use of its flag. 2. Every state has the right to punish all such foreign vessels as sail under its flag without being authorized to do so. 3. All vessels with the persons and goods on it, while being on open sea, considered under the sway of the flag state. 4. Every state has the right to punish piracy on the open sea even if committed by foreigners, and that, with a view to extinction of piracy. 5. Warships of all nations can acquire all subject vessels to show their flag. Limitations on the freedom of High Seas: Freedom of high seas may be exercised by States. However, the above basic rule is subject to certain restriction and limitations which is of a complex nature. Convention of 1982 under article 87(2) lays down the limitation of the general nature on the freedom of the high seas by stating that the freedom of high seas â€Å"shall be exercised with due regard for the interests of other states in their exercise of the freedom of the high seas.† The principle underlying this rule states that the exercise of one freedom by one state has to be accommodated with the exercise of freedom of the sea by other states. No preferences are given and the coexistence of various activities has to be sought through the necessary accommodation. In addition to this limitation, the following are the other set of limitations on the right to exercise the freedom of seas:- 1. Limitation on freedom of fishing:- All states have the freedom of fishing subject to limitation under article 117 of the Convention of 1982 where states are under a duty to cooperate with other states in taking such measures for conservation of living resources in high seas. 2. Limitation on the freedom of navigation:- every State Coastal as well as land locked have freedom of navigation in the high seas but they have certain obligations to perform while exercising this freedom of navigation. Article 94 of the Convention of 1982 sets a group of substantive minimum requirements with which all states must comply as regards safety of navigation especially as regards construction, equipment, sea worthiness and manning of ships, labour conditions on board, the use of rights, maintenance of communication and avoidance of collisions. 3. Limitation on freedoms of scientific researches: scientific research is promoted but not at the cost of endangering the living biodiversity at any cost. Article 261 of the Convention of 1982 appears to give preference to the exercise of freedom of navigation to freedom to conduct scientific research, though only as regards to deployment of scientific installations and equipments in established shipping routes. 4. Limitations on Non- interference with war ships:- Article 95 of convention of 1982 lays down that warships . The UN general Assembly has taken utmost care and precaution to make sure that no conflicts arise because of the common heritage and that such a resource should be treasured at all cost for the future generations for we keep in trust the goods of the future generation. Any problem that arises out of conflicts over high sea usage is something for which the UN should not be held responsible. It has proposed an international regime and all the states should try to follow the regime in good faith unless they are forced by circumstances not to do so. [ 2 ]. Immanuel Kant. Toward Perpetual Peace in Practical Philosophy-Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant. Gregor MJ (trans.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1999. p 329 (8:358). [ 3 ]. Dr. H.O.Agarwal; International Law Human Rights; 18th edition; At P.150. [ 4 ]. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law; http://untreaty.un.org [ 5 ]. International Policy: United Nations General Assembly; http://www.pewenvironment.org [ 6 ]. International Policy; http://www.pewenvironment.org [ 7 ]. The Sovereignty of the Sea: A historical account of the claims of England to the Dominion of the British Seas, and of the Evolution of the Territorial Waters; Thomas Wemyss Fulton; at p. 3. [ 8 ]. Oppenheim’s international law, op.cit, p. 727 as stated in H.O. Agarwal’s International Law and human Rights, 18th edition, at p. 151. [ 9 ]. Oppenheim’s International Law, op, cit, p.727 As stated in H.O.Agarwal’s International Law and human Rights; 18th edition at p. 151.

The Common Man’s Role in the American Revolution Essay -- Essays on Am

If you live in the United States, you probably are aware of the American Revolution. Most educated adults in America can name at least on hero of pre-Revolutionary America such as Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Paul Revere and Thomas Jefferson . But to what extent did these few men, credited with our freedom, actually participate in events that lead up to the revolution? How many countless men remained unnamed and unnoticed despite the work they put into the Revolution? These men have often been overlooked in textbooks, despite the fact most of the freedoms we have now are derived from their brave actions. But why did these men get the wheels of a revolution turning? What was the reason they had for their actions, the very ones that led America and Great Britain to begin a fight not only for freedom, but for life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness? The Boston Tea Party is one of the most explosive and dynamic examples of what affect the common man held on the path to the Revolution. The Tea Party itself was organized by some of the more well-known officials such as John Hancock, but would have had little effect without the men who actually participated in tossing of 90,000 pounds of tea. George Hewes, a prime example of the average man’s affect on the war, had this to say about that fateful night: The Commander of the division to which I belonged, as soon as soon as we were on board the ship, appointed me to boatswain, and ordered me to go to the captain and demand of him the keys to the hatches and a dozen candles. I made the demand accordingly, and the captain promptly replied, and delivered the articles; but requested me at the same time to do no damage to the ship or the rigging. We then were ordered to ... ...ned Stamp Act he stated that he, â€Å"never saw one of those Stamps† and that he was â€Å"certain I never paid a penny for one of them†. So with so much attention being paid to Thomas Paine and his â€Å"Common sense† and John Hancock’s larger than life signature, what was the reason for our revolution? While that question may never be answered, there are always the eternal words of Levi Preston, â€Å"what we meant in going in for those redcoats was this: we always had governed ourselves and we always mean to. That didn’t mean we should† Works Cited William Graebner and Leonard Richards. The American Record: Images of our Nation’s Past. McGraw-Hilll; 5 edition. May 27, 2005 Benjamin Woods Labaree. The Boston Tea Party. Northeastern; December 31, 1979 George Browm Tindall, David Emory Shi. American History: 5th Brief edition, W. W. Norton & Company; November 1999

Apush Dbq 2

During the Washington, Adams, and Jefferson administrations (from 1776 to 1807) neutrality was America’s main foreign policy. In determining that neutrality was the overall focus of American diplomacy, one must assess the deviations from, as well as the success, of neutrality. Neutrality was originally implemented by George Washington in order to maintain the young country’s best interests. However, lapses in neutrality occurred when the government was forced to favor one foreign power, either Great Britain or France, through treaties. Furthermore, commercial interests ultimately drove America’s decisions and thus influenced the effectiveness of neutrality. Despite such lapses in success, America’s number one foreign policy remained neutrality. Political leaders found involvement in European affairs to be irrelevant and detrimental to the young nation, thus neutrality was the primary focus of America. George Washington was a strong supporter of neutrality despite his highly opinionated cabinet (Hamilton was pro-British and Jefferson pro-French). In 1793, in response to King Louis XVI’s beheading in the French Revolution, Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality which stated that America would â€Å"adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent Powers†¦ † (D). Washington opted to remain neutral in order to avoid conflict with Britain and France, refusing to side with either one. Furthermore, Washington emphasized the necessity of neutrality in his farewell address in 1796. He explained that the â€Å"great rule of conduct for [Americans] in regard to foreign nations†¦ † was to have â€Å"†¦ s little political connection as possible† (J). Thus, Washington established the importance of neutrality which was also supported by John Adams. During the Revolutionary War (right after the Battle of Saratoga) the Americans formed the Franco-American alliance and gained French support from the king. However, John Adams wrote in his diary in 1775, â€Å"That We ought not to enter into any Alliance with her [France], which should entangle Us in any future Wars in Europe,† (A). Adams supported Washington’s push for neutrality and recognized the consequences of forming an alliance with France. Adams was right about the Franco-American Alliance, which later resulted in France seeking American aide against Britain after Louis XVI was beheaded. On the other hand, Adams approved Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain which upset the French who were at war with the British. Jay’s Treaty settled the return of confiscated goods and ships to the Americans and established that pre-Revolutionary War debts must be paid as stated in the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Americans had avoided these debts even though the Treaty of Paris stated that â€Å"creditors on either side shall meet†¦ o the recovery of the full value in sterling money of all bona fide debts heretofore contracted,† (E). During the Jefferson administration, foreign tensions rose and eventually lead to the War of 1812. Jefferson also enforced neutrality, claiming in his Inaugural Address in 1801 that the nation will maintain â€Å"honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none†¦ à ¢â‚¬  (K). Such ideas were evident in his response to the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. In 1807, the British warship Leopard fired on an American warship, the Chesapeake, killing three Americans and impressing four others. Impressment was the act of forcing American sailors into the British navy as depicted in document M (M). Instead of declaring war as many American citizens wanted, Jefferson issued the Embargo Act, which cut off all American shipping to Europe in an attempt to cripple the British economy and prevent them from confiscating American goods and impressing their sailors. However, Jefferson’s attempt to maintain neutrality back-fired and crippled the American economy more than Europe’s. Conflicts between Great Britain and France often caused lapses in America’s focus on neutrality. Specifically, during the Washington’s administration and the French Revolution, â€Å"Citizen† Genet, the French minister to America, broke the typical rules of diplomacy by appealing directly to the American people. He called for American support of the French Revolution, pointing to the Franco-American Alliance which stated that the two nations shall â€Å"make all efforts in its Power, against their common enemy [Britain]†¦ † (C). Such support would directly violate America’s primary foreign policy, neutrality. Thus, Washington refused to support the French Revolution and make an enemy of Great Britain. This decision angered pro-French Americans who supported France’s aspiration to establish a republic. As a result, Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-French, resigned from his position of Secretary of State in disagreement with Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality. The ratification of Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain further infuriated French supporters, failed to solve the issue of British impressment, and even promised that Americans would pay pre-Revolutionary War debt to Britain (F). Moreover, it caused the French to be outraged with the Americans and started French seizure of American ships. Political tensions between the three nations continued during John Adams’ presidency with the XYZ Affair in 1798. Three French agents, known only as X, Y, and Z, demanded a high fee from American delegates to enter negotiations for a treaty regarding the French seizure of American ships. This tested the young nation’s focus on neutrality as outraged Americans called for war with France. As a result, neutrality was pushed aside as the Quasi War, which was never officially declared, broke out. The public anger caused by the war strengthened the Federalist party, who used the power to pass the Alien, Sedition, and Naturalization Acts. These Acts limited Democratic-Republican power by: increasing the number of years required for immigrants to become citizens (Naturalization Act), by authorizing the president to deport aliens deemed a threat to the nation (Alien Act), and by making it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the president or Congress (Sedition Act). The Convention of 1800 concluded the Quasi War, however impressment continued into Jefferson’s presidency during the Napoleonic Wars, making it more difficult for the young nation to maintain neutrality. Thus, conflicts between Great Britain and France often involved America despite the American focus on neutrality. Commercial interests often times caused disruptions of neutrality and competed as a priority of the young nation. Because commerce was of high importance to the growing nation, neutrality, in order to maintain trade, was necessary. Thomas Paine even stated, â€Å"Our plan is commerce,† and emphasized the importance of neutrality to the American economy by saying â€Å"we ought to form no political connection with any part of it [Europe],† (B). For instance, Jay’s Treaty negatively affected American commerce and political relations with France. Additionally, James Madison criticized the treaty as being â€Å"ready to sacrifice†¦ the dearest interests of our commerce†¦ † (G). The treaty not only affected political diplomacy with France, but also affected relations with Spain and their North American colonies. Spain saw the treaty as a sign that the Americans were building an alliance with Britain and felt a need to strengthen their American territories. This lead to Pinckney’s Treaty, in 1795, which set the boundary line between the United States and the Spanish territories, as well as allowed the use of the Mississippi River and the Louisiana sea port to both the Americans and the Spanish (H). Pinckney’s Treaty protected American commerce along the Mississippi and resulted in peaceful relations with Spain. Later, during Adams’ presidency, the seizure of American merchant ships by France raised tensions that resulted in the Quasi War. The disruption of American commerce forced the nation to disregard neutrality in order to protect their trading rights. The Convention of 1800 concluded the war and promised that â€Å"Property captured†¦ shall be mutually restored†¦ † (I). The Convention revealed the evident commercial intentions of the Quasi War and set the American economy as a priority equal to that of neutrality. However, Great Britain continued to seize American ships and impress American sailors. Instead of engaging in war, Jefferson opted to pass the Embargo Act of 1807 in an attempt to sustain neutrality. The Act prevented trade with any European nation, attempting to damage Britain’s economy and preclude impressment. Unfortunately, the plan backfired and devastated the American economy. Thus, Americans felt a greater need to deviate from neutrality in order to better their commerce. Although America faced disruptions in neutrality, ultimately, it remained the nations overall primary foreign policy. From 1776 to 1807, neutrality kept the young nation out of unnecessary European conflicts and served to maintain the country’s best interests.

Journal on Poems Essay

The poem portrays the definitions of sanity and madness. However, these definitions vary from the perspective of people and the surroundings as pointed out in the second line. In other words, the poem points out that for certain people, something normal is considered insane and vice versa. 2. The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Basically, for me, the poem depicted a common experience in life wherein one makes a choice between two things and then wonders what could’ve happened had he or she took the other option. The situation shown in the poem reflects a reality that everyone faces in life which is making a choice and standing by that decision. However, as illustrated in the poem, despite the choices people make regarding, for example, careers and business ventures, there will also be times that one doubts whether he or she made the right decision or not. 3. Design by Robert Frost The poem basically illustrates that most of the time the world’s beauty can be appreciated through observing the natural things such as the spider and the moth. In addition, as the title suggests, life is basically a design. It is natural for a spider to eat the moth as it was designed to do so. However, since the spider killed the moth, the author also wonders why the â€Å"designer† allows such a thing to happen. In short, while the author acknowledges the beauty natural order of things, he also questions why horrible events, such as death, happen. 4. Mending Wall by Robert Frost Initially, the poem suggests that there are no need for walls between neighbors as this suggests division. However, at the end, although the speaker in the poem still did not favor the construction of a wall between him and his neighbor, he acknowledged the fact that walls are important as these set boundaries and limitations. Basically, the poem also illustrates that in real life, â€Å"walls† or boundaries, which are best exemplified by laws and rules, are necessary to maintain order. 5. Cross by Langston Hughes The poem clearly depicts the speaker’s confusion about his identity. As the title of the poem says, the speaker is a â€Å"cross† between a white man and a black woman and is confused about his true identity. He also wonders if he would share the same fate of his mother and father and yearns to know where he really belongs to. The poem also depicts two realities in life which are discrimination and racism. Basically, the poem suggests that if these two did not exist, the speaker would not have to long for acceptance and would not have to search for his identity.

midwifery essays

midwifery essays Support for the Midwifery Profession: Pros and Cons The tradition of midwifery virtually disappeared in Canada during the early part of this century. Several generations of women gave up childbirth at home to the medical profession. They did this in the name of safety and pain relief, or simply because the option of being cared for by a midwife no longer existed. Midwifery should be re-instated as a legal and honourable profession. With healthy pregnancies and under normal conditions, women should give birth at home with the professional assistance of a midwife. The most common argument against home births and midwifery are perpetuated by the medical establishment. As a profession, they openly oppose to lay midwifery, and as Dr. William Hall, president of the College of Physicians, said, he and the college oppose home births because they feel it is unsafe. (Ramondt, 1990) Undoubtedly, the medical profession is correct in protesting home births in certain cases. Some pregnancies are difficult and some births are problematic. It is not difficult to concede that there are times when sound medical intervention is a necessity and a blessing. To insist, though, that every birth requires a hospital setting and the attendance of a doctor with ten years training is, as many experts in the field agree, rather ludicrous. A study done by Dr. Lewis Mehl (cited in Barringtonm, 1985), matched a population of 421 women attended by physicians with 421 women attended by midwifes at home. The midwife sample fared far better with significantly less fetal distress, birth injuries, and infants needing resuscitation. The former head of the International Confederation of Gynecology Furthermore, the routine of use of medical procedures initially developed to protect high-risk mothers and b...